The second component in a reference is the date. Most citations only need the year in parentheses, followed by a period.
Most sources (such as books, journal articles, and films) only require the year. For magazines, newsletters, newspapers, social media, YouTube videos, blog posts, etc., provide the full date.
References
In-text Citations
In-text citations, however, will only include the year.
If an item does not have a discernible date, you may use n.d. as the date (for no date); do not simply leave out the date. For webpages, do not use a general copyright date given for the website. Look for a specific created, updated, or modified date for the page or document you are using.
References
In-text Citation
If you have two or more distinct works by the same author and published in the same year, differentiate them with letters. Organize these references by the title element. Reference
In-text Citation
For items that have a full date, such as blogs or newspaper articles, add the differentiating letter to the year, and keep the month and/or day. Recall that only years are included in an in-text citation. Organize them in the references list by date. Reference
In-text Citation
If both items are using n.d. instead of a year, include a hyphen before the differentiating letter. Organize these references by the title element. Reference
In-text Citation
If you are citing a classic work that has been reprinted or republished, you can include the original date at the end of the reference.
Include both dates in the in-text citation.
If the resources you are citing may change substantially before readers can access it, you may add a retrieval date prior to the URL. Examples include wikis, dictionary entries, Twitter profiles, webpages that update frequently, etc.
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